Policy, politics and public management-A look at the impacts of ethics Essay

Policy, politics and public management-A look at the impacts of ethics in public policy on real estate - Essay Example The Attorney General Office’s Division on Civil Rights was responsible for the introduction, promotion, and enforcement of the State Law Against Discrimination. This law provides for equal housing opportunity regardless of â€Å"a persons race, creed, color, national origin, nationality, ancestry, marital status, domestic partnership status, familial status, affectional or sexual orientation, sex, or mental and physical disability, including AIDS and HIV-related illness.† (http://www.state.nj.us/oag/dcr/housing.html) The law, while it does not prevent discrimination on the basis of age, does prevent discrimination of families with children. The sole exception being residences that are specifically established for occupancy by the elderly. There are also groups like the New Jersey Housing and Mortgage Finance Company that put time and money into educating the residents of New Jersey about the Federal Low Income Housing Tax Credit, a program that assists financially needy families and individuals in locating housing and giving them a helping hand when it comes to buying property. Also active is the Council on Affordable Housing, a part of New Jersey’s Department of Community Affairs. The combined efforts of these groups and others like them have aided in making the New Jersey Real Estate market accessible for every person. The government, through it’s own initiative and through the lobbying of independent special interest groups has ensured that every person, regardless of distinguishing characteristics, will have the opportunity to afford a place to live and raise a family. It wasn’t always this way, however. In order to better grasp the impact that these groups have had on the real estate market in New Jersey, and in the rest of the country as well, it would be wise to examine the state of affairs prior to the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Prior to that piece of legislation a business owner had the right to refuse service to

Energy drinks Essay Example for Free

Energy drinks Essay Energy drinks are beverages that can be used to supplement energy and concentration. It contains several ingredients, some good others bad. They contain ingredients such as caffeine, guarana, taurine and many more. Usually they are beneficial, but when taken in large amounts; some ingredients can cause unwelcome side effects. Many people consume energy drinks for enjoyment and the extra kick of energy for the day, but they are not aware of the hidden ingredients that can cause illness. In my opinion I believe that energy drinks are dangerous because they can cause illness, children and teenagers will be affected by the drink and the horrible side effects. The packaging of energy drink might convince you that it is are fine to drink but most of us are unaware of the hidden dangers. Those dangers can put anyone at risk of illness. Energy drinks contain high amounts of sugar similar to soft drink but energy drinks also contain high amounts of caffeine and taurine. Taurine is an amino acid that your body naturally produces. It helps regulate heartbeat, muscle contractions, and energy levels. But when there is too much taurine in our bodies, it can make some body parts overactive, like platelets. Platelets are found in the blood stream and they are very important to the body. They help to clot blood when there is a cut. The sugar makes the platelets overactive which makes them stick together and cause blood clots. This increase risk of heart related disease. In the US a small was conducted, they found that there is a link between the consumption of energy drinks and heart disease or high blood pressure. The researchers found healthy adults who drank two cans of a popular energy drink a day had above normal blood pressure and heart rate. Not only does it affect us both physical and mentally, it can affect children and teens who consume energy drinks. Children and teenagers don’t know what they are consuming and the affect it has on the body. You may see children or teens consuming energy drinks at sporting events instead of sport drinks, to boost energy levels. We may think that energy drinks and sports drinks are the same, but they’re not. Sport drinks provide only carbohydrate and salts to replace those lost in sweat, whilst energy drinks give temporary boost of energy. This may not sound bad but it will affect them over the long term. Like a child suffering with diabetes should not continue drinking energy drinks because the sugars in them can cause an imbalance of insulin. Even the Daily Telegraph thinks that energy drinks are unsafe because it can link to severe illness. The Daily Telegraph has reported â€Å"Energy drinks could be dangerous for children and teenagers,† The newspaper said that the use of high-caffeine drinks has been linked to â€Å"seizures, mania, stroke and sudden death†. Energy drinks can effect children and teenagers and also give people terrible side effects. Some people are not aware that energy drinks can give awful side effects after consumption. There are many side effects that can occur after drinking like vomiting, nausea, and hallucinations. Many ingredients inside energy drinks cause some people allergy reactions. There are many effects that can make people gain weight like people who don’t exercise. The mayo clinic says â€Å"that sugar intake has a direct correlation with weight gain, especially for people who don’t exercise. † But it can get worse, if energy drinks are drank with alcohol, it can make you pass out or get seriously hurt. Energy can drinks can make people sick from the dreadful side effects. However energy drinks create enjoyment among people, it has good taste and contains some good vitamins and herbs like vitamin B, ginseng, ginkgo Biloba and Antioxidants which are good for the body. To finish like to say that we should reconsider drinking energy because they can cause illness, young people will be affected and they can give people terrible side effects.

American Beauty, directed by Sam Mendes and The Virgin Suicides, direct

Reality. Merriam Webster’s Online Dictionary defines reality as â€Å"something that is neither derivative nor dependent but exists necessarily.† But what is real by today’s standards? Does what appears to be normal equal reality? By looking at two different films it seems that the old cliche stands correct. Things aren’t as they appear. American Beauty and The Virgin Suicides give classic examples of how â€Å"normal† and â€Å"happy† suburban life is anything but. American Beauty, directed by Sam Mendes (1999) and The Virgin Suicides, directed by Sofia Coppola (2000), share many of the same themes even though the plots are contrasted. Underneath the layers of white picket fences, beautiful houses, and safe neighborhoods, lies a truth. A truth so dark that it leads to the destruction of many characters in both of these movies. The first element that must be looked at is the imprisonment of the characters in both films. The main character of American Beauty, Lester Burnham, is the man whom feels the burden of imprisonment the most. He is in an ongoing marriage that should be coming up to the red light. He is also stuck in a job where he feels under appreciated and not well respected. He has been at this job for fourteen years. That is fourteen years of being in jail. It is quite evident that he is not happy. Who would be when you know that your wife and you daughter think that you are a â€Å"gigantic loser† (American Beauty)? Lester is not the only character who suffers from this. His wife Carolyn and daughter Jane both know what it is like to feel trapped in an unhappy life. Carolyn is imprisoned by image. She has the notion that she cannot be happy unless everything appears as perfect. And Jane, feeling the weight of her parents, wants to break off from her prison, her home life. She like most teens views her parents as weird and wants out of that life. In The Virgin Suicides the characters that are the most imprisoned are the five Lisbon sisters. After the youngest sister plunged to her death during the first party they were allowed to have, and Lux came home late after the homecoming dance, their parents literally turned their home into a prison. â€Å"For most children, mothers and fathers set boundaries; for the Lisbon’s, it’s iron bars† (Berardinelli). They were not allowed out, had the tree cut down that was near their window, and even had actual bars put on the window... ... ‘You’re not even old enough to know how hard life gets,’ he tells her. ‘Obviously, doctor,’ she says, ‘you’ve never been a 13-year-old girl.’ No, but his profession and every adult life is to some degree a search for the happiness she does not even know she has.† (Ebert). Bibliography Berardinelli, James, Review: American Beauty, http://movie-reviews.colossus.net/movies/a/american_beauty.html, 1999 Berardinelli, James, Review: The Virgin Suicides, http://movie-reviews.colossus.net/movies/v/sirgin_sucides.html, 2000 Bowman, James, Suffering Poses, American Spectator, Jun 2000, Vol 33, Issue 5, p. 66 Ebert, Roger, American Beauty, Chicago Sun-Times, http://www.suntimes.com/cgi-bin/print.cgi Ebert, Roger, The Virgin Suicides, Chicago Sun-Times, http://www.suntimes.com/cgi-bin/print.cgi , May 5, 2000 McKittrick, Casey, Shaping Pedophilic Discourse around American Beauty Happiness. Velvet Light Trap, Spring 2001, Issue 47, p 3-12. Scott, A.O., Film Review; Evanescent Trees and Sisters In an Enchanted 1970’s Suburb, The New York Times, http://movies2.nytimes.com/gst/movies/review.html Viner, Russel, The Virgin Suicides, Student BMJ, Jul 2000, Vol. 8, p 254

The Life of Serial Killer, Theodore Robert Bundy Essay -- Expository E

   On a chilly afternoon in late 1977, a young, newly-wed woman of 26 was dropped off at her Volkswagen Beetle by her sister-in-law. Her name was Gini McNair. She waved goodbye to her companion, unlocked the driver's door, and stepped into her vehicle. Sitting at the wheel, with the key in the ignition, she glanced around the deserted Boulder Canyon Road located outside of Boulder, Colorado. While waiting for her dusty red Volkswagen to warm up, she saw another one, light blue, heading down Sugarloaf Road towards her. When she glanced at the driver as he went past, he took the opportunity to look her over as well. With piercing eyes, Ted Bundy quickly examined Gini as he drove by her. When his eye caught hers, Gini immediately felt like she had just been delivered a swift punch in the stomach. He turned around at the bottom of Sugarloaf Road and drove over to where she was parked. As he walked over to her window, she rolled it down. He leaned in close and asked, "Are you having car trou ble?" "No." she replied quickly. "Oh...well I am!" he retorted back in an alarming loud voice. She looked at him with surprise, she knew she had to get away. "Well, I'm sorry, but I don't really know anything about cars. I don't think that I would be able to help you." He got suddenly angry and said, "Well, maybe you COULD!" She told him again that she could not and rolled her window up and drove away. Gini didn't tell many people the story of that day, she figured that it was just one of those weird things that happen sometimes. One night, a few months later, she and her husband were watching the news and a story about Ted Bundy came on. While the young couple watched for a few minutes with a mixture of disgust and interest, it showed a p... ....html    Dobson, J. (1995). Fatal addiction. Pure Intimacy.org Retrieved March 12, 2003, from http://www.pureintimacy.org/online1/bundy.html    Larsen, R. W. (1980). Bundy: the deliberate stranger. Prentice-Hall, Inc.    Sands, R. Ted Bundy. Retrieved March 7, 2003, from http://web.ukonline.co.uk/ruth.buddell/bundy.htm    Summers, C. Ted Bundy. BBC - Crime Case Closed. Retrieved March 7, 2003, from http://www.bbc.co.uk/print/crime/caseclosed/tedbundy1.shtml    Ted Bundy: 10 years later. Angelfire.lycos.com. (1999) Retrieved March 12, 2003, from http://www.angelfire.com/oh/yodaspage/news36.html    Ted Bundy - A serial killer. Ted Bundy. Retrieved March 11, 2003, from http://www.auschwitz.dk/mcbundy.htm    Ted Bundy: psychiatric testimony. Serial Murder: Through the Looking Glass. Retrieved March 12, 2003, from http://serial- killers.virtualave.net/bundy2.htm

Useful contacts in fashion industry

Thinking about my future life and calling, long term purposes for this MA are to construct utile contacts in manner industry in UK, derive a existent penetration into the Ethical Manner Industry in UK, and hopefully finish a work arrangement at the Ethical Fashion Forum. In order to carry through my undertaking, I need to make the prognosis research of the Ethical Manner in UK and India in order to make to the best subject of my research. To finish this MA, good clip and undertaking managementskills is traveling to be one of my most of import challenges. Besides, my strong focal point would be on strategically be aftering and developing research accomplishments. Carry throughing my acquisition understanding ends will give me new understanding and cognition on the Ethical Manner Industry in UK and India. For accomplishing all of the above, I need to construct countless contacts with the manner interior decorator, concerns and administration concentrating upon sustainability in the manner industry in UK and India. Once, I have made adequate contacts and collected information ; I will so discourse and orate about my undertaking proposal. Ultimately, when I get an enthusiastic response, by looking at the success of Ethical Fashion Market, UK, I will so interchange those thoughts with Kakoli Banergee, Trustee, Satya – Jyoti Trust, India ; to join forces and explicate my undertaking program. If I receive a positive hope I would believe I have eventually completed my MA journey, successfully.ANSHU YADAVInvestigate into an Ethical Manner market in UK and IndiaUndertaking PROPOSALTitleInvestigate into an Ethical Manner market in UK and IndiaPurposeUnderstand the current scenario of ethical manner concern in India and associate to UK. Research UK ‘S ethical manner concern ; provi dea program for doing of a selling organic structure ( Eco – Fashion Park ) for ethical manner manufacturer group and craftsmans in India.RESEARCH QUESTIONSWhat is Ethical Fashion?Specifying Ethical MannerSustainability and ternary underside lineFinding out issues and patterns of Ethical MannerReviewing history of ethical mannerFast Fashion and Cheap FashionWhat is the market size of Ethical Fashion?Domestic ( INDIA ) market research on the Ethical Fashion Business and Lifestyle.International ( UK ) market research on the Ethical Fashion Business and Lifestyle.What is sustainable production and ingestion. Specifying the sustainable production and ingestionDomestic ( INDIA ) industry research on methods of sustainable production and ingestionInternational ( UK ) industry research on methods of sustainable production and ingestionSustainable Fashion manufacturer groups and their jobs in IndiaWhat are the assorted enfranchisement possibilities for set uping a sustainable manner concern in UK and India?Ethical criterions and LabelingTrade Tariffs and BarriersWhat is value concatenation?Specifying value concatenationResearch into associating the national ethical manner manufacturers and international purchasers and markets.RESEARCH METHODSMeasure: Case Study, Grounded Theory and Consumer reactions survey.Quality: Experimental AnalysisANSHUYADAVInvestigate into an Ethical Manner market in UK and India3. Primary Research: Focus on garnering information on ethical manner from India and UK3.1 Interviews with cardinal forum members of Ethical Fashion Forum, UK.3.2 Interviews with emerging manner and fabric interior decorators in sustainable design in UK and India.3.3 Social networking, for case, Face book,3.4 Fashion Business networking: Ethical Fashion Forum ( UK ) , Designer Forum ( UK ) , Ethical Trade Initiative ( UK ) , Craft grade ( India ) , Labour administrations, Manufacturers of Sustainable Fibers, Yarns and Fabrics.3.5 Personal contacts in the Fashion Industry will assist me derive appreciable attack.3.6 Questionnaires and Videos of assorted creative persons involved in Sustainable Manner patterns.3.7 International tendency and manner show visits. For case, London Fashion Week, London ; The Cloth Show, Birmingham ; Premier Vision, Paris3.8 Design institutes and authorities organic structures3.9 Non – Net income Administration, Satya – Jyoti Trust, India.4. Secondary Research: Concentrating on Ethical Fashion Forum in UK.4.1 Co – work with Ethical Fashion Forum as a research houseman, alongside an associate manager, roll uping research for EFF undertakings and events.4.2 To understand the deductions of explicating a selling organic structure ( Eco – Fashion Park ) in India, for the sustainable Practioners.4.3 Analyze Journals ( MONOCLE, DRAPERS, FINANCIAL TIMES, ECO- TEXTILE ) Weekly Magazines ( TREND UNION, NEW CONSUMER, THE ECOLOGIST ) and Online Magazine ( THREAD ) , and Readings ( ECO- CHIC, BY SAND Y BLACK ; GREEN IS THE NEW BLACK, BY T BLANCHARD, BUSINESS ETHICS AND VALUES, BY PETE ENGARDIO ; SUSTAINABLE FASHION AND TEXTILES BY KATE FLETCHER.4.4Get studies from on-line Databases and Articles ( MINTLE, GMID, JUST STYLE.COM )5. Literature Research: Refer to BibliographyRational number OF MY PROJECTIn my position point ethical manner is the exciting topic to analyze as it has been catching the headlines within manner industry in recent times.It is the singularity in manner that allows us to look at sustainability in advanced ways. Therefore, Fashion provides an chance of consciousness for sustainability. Many sustainable patterns and motions are deriving impulse and traveling towards mainstream. Green edifices, insides, place merchandises and even green nuptialss and events are booming, yet manner is when embraced in sustainable ways, holds even greater impact potency. What is besides alone to manner, more so than other sustainable tracts, is that it is a big vehicle. Ethical manner besides interested me as it focuses on ailment patterns in the mills, poorness decrease, environment instruction, production and ingestion issues, with a strong attending on workers wellness ; in relation to the manner industries. Ethicall manner at a planetary degree has captured my involvement, for the really simple ground, that London manner has stepped frontward to advance ethical manner vesture. Top store, Marks and Spencer, Zara, Next, Europeon Fashion concatenation and USA Banana Republic are all specializing in â€Å"going green† . With a strong focal point on Ethical Fashion Forum ( UK ) , I want to cognize how to make such a non for net income administration, where the ethical manner manufacturer group, from field to mill to stop merchandise, exchange thoughts, collaborate and pass on efficaciously on assorted sustainable patterns and events.My cognition in Ethical Manner from UK wouldthen let me to supply the program of doing a successful selling organic structure ( Eco – Fashion Park ) for Ethical Fashion manufacturer groups and craftsmans of India, in India.GOALS AND OBJECTIVESLEANING GOAL 1:1.1 Clarity of ideas: Think profoundly for filtrating clear and in-depth information.1.2 Asse ssed: Bing able to make up one's mind the best concluding research subject.LEARNING GOAL 2:2.1 Quick and Accurate Reading: discover to read relevant subjects and fast. Besides to better drumhead and note taking accomplishments, to be able to use utile informations resource at clip of digest of my undertaking.2.2 Assessed: Leting myself to do reading list and note returns wonts.LEARNING GOAL 3:3.1 Professional Writing and Presentation Skills: enhance my English speech production and composing accomplishments, professional attack towards any assigned undertaking and entries.3.2 Assessed: Confidently being able to joint and present myPGC Presentation and Learning Agreement.LEARNING GOAL 4:4.1 Project – Planning and Self – Time Management Skills: Producing a comprehensive undertaking proposal with a proposed attack, research way and agenda to be followed.4.2 Assessed: Bing able to bring forth a timely entry of Project Proposal.LEARNING GOAL 5:5.1 Professional Cognition: Hi story of Ethical Fashion Design, Business and Industry, increased consciousness of Ethical Fashion Business in planetary context.5.2 Assessed: Bing able to near future research stage professionally.LEARNING GOAL 6:6.1 International Work Experience Placement: Co- work with Ethical Fashion Forum to derive more cognition about Ethical Manner6.2 Assessed: Possible Case Studies and Personal Growth of improved synergistic accomplishments.LEARNING GOAL 7:7.1 Research orientation accomplishments: Better my research devising accomplishments, by ego apprehension and implementing them in my thesis.7.2 Assessed: Bing able to do a research oriented MA Dissertation in the last stage of research.Undertaking TERRAINResultKNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDINGUndertaking Proposal, presented in the PGC phaseProject related information aggregation and analysis, utilizing the primary and secondary research methodsLearning understanding: refer to this papersSelf clip directionSKILLS, QUALITIES AND ATTRIBUTESProjec t Management: refer to the undertaking clip frameLearning Contract Summary FormPlan of learning resources inside the University ( Oct- Nov 2008 )Reading relevant magazines and books in library and utilizing library larning resource to acquire the selling study which I needAttend the talks that are related to my undertaking proposalAttend undergraduate talks of Fashion and Textile Management.Ask inquiries about y research from my coach and supervisorMultiple photocopies of magazines, diaries, study and books from libraryPlan of learning resources outside the University ( Jan-June 2009 )Observe the magazine market from intelligence, studies, web logs, forum on web sitesMake contacts with the relevant industry or hopefully happen a research internship with Ethical Fashion Forum, UK, which can assist me derive the cognition of Sustainable Fashion and Textile industry.Maintain Chronofile ( My Research log book )Academic supportKeep in touch with supervisors and professors during making t he undertakingUse the library larning resource to obtain any relevant study that I need.Practical acquisitionTry to reach as many Fashion Designers, Sustainable Fashion Producer groups, consultancy ‘s and non for Net income Administrations.Interview the people who relate to my undertaking proposal and larn the accomplishments of communicating.Designation of larning demandsSuggestions from my supervisor and coachLectures which are related to my undertaking proposalLatest studies and intelligence on manner, design and ethical manner marketRoll up a batch of documentariesrelated to sudate stores and sustainable Manner and Textiles.Learn to acquire the sentiments from different people and understand Ethical consumer and manufacturer groups in UK and India.Besides interact with manner pupils and do pictures inquiring about their purchasing attitudes towards Ethical Fashion Clothing.Skills to sum up the information that I obtain during the researchSkills to take a precise note from interview ( primary research ) and books and picture ( secondary research )Designation of non-learning resource demandsEntree to university computing machine which has professional package to bring forth my papers and seting exposures and imagesTarget day of the month for completion of undertaking proposal

Where Is the Patis Essays

Where Is the Patis Essays Where Is the Patis Paper Where Is the Patis Paper Seanursing student studying litreature of the philipines tomorrow is my finals i need answers so please help me A Filipino may denationalize himself but not his stomach. He may travel over the seven seas, the five continents and the two hemispheres and lose the savor of home, forget his identity and believe himself a citizen of the world. But he remains- gastronomically, at least- always a Filipino. For, if in no other way, the Filipino loves his country with his stomach. It seemed to me that the big deal is the overall feeling of â€Å"no big deal†, if you get my drift.It kinda gives this impression that you could go there and leave your cares in the world. The place has a hippie vibe to it, with people wearing whatever, doing whatever, minding their own business and having a grand time. There’s food, finds, and fun. I liked it. I liked it a lot. We ended up staying at the New Merry V Guesthouse for our first night since we had a hard time looking for Tavee Guesthouse, where we initially planned to stay. The other options such as the Lamphu House, Green Guesthouse, and the Rambuttri Village Inn were fully booked.It really pays to book your accommodation in advance to save yourself from minor inconveniences. New Merry V Guesthouse has very basic amenities, pretty much getting what you paid for: a place to rest after a long day of serious walking and wandering. The good thing about us ending up here is that we found ourselves in Phra Arthit Road, where the Phra Arthit Pier is within short walking distance. Just cross the road and look for the sign post with a boat sign; better yet, aim for the Navalai Resort which will lead you directly to the pier

Largest National Parks in the United States

Largest National Parks in the United States The United States is one of the worlds largest countries based on the area with a total of 3,794,100 square miles (9,826,675 sq km) spread out over 50 different states. Much of this land is developed into large cities or urban areas like Los Angeles, California, and Chicago, Illinois, but a large portion of it is protected from development via national parks and other federally protected areas that are monitored by the National Park Service that was created in 1916 by the Organic Act. The first national parks to be founded in the U.S. were Yellowstone (1872) followed by Yosemite and Sequoia (1890).In total, the U.S. has almost 400 different nationally protected areas today that range from large national parks to smaller national historic sites, monuments and seashores. The following is a list of the 20 largest national parks out of the 55 in the U.S. For reference their locations and date of founding have also been included. Largest National Parks in the United States 1) Wrangell-St. Elias Area: 13,005 square miles (33,683 sq km) Location: Alaska Year of Formation: 1980 2) Gates of the Arctic Area: 11,756 square miles (30,448 sq km) Location: Alaska Year of Formation: 19803) Denali Area: 7,408 square miles (19,186 sq km) Location: Alaska Year of Formation: 19174) Katmai Area: 5,741 square miles (14,870 sq km) Location: Alaska Year of Formation: 19805) Death Valley Area: 5,269 square miles (13,647 sq km) Location: California, Nevada Year of Formation: 19946) Glacier Bay Area: 5,038 square miles (13,050 sq km) Location: Alaska Year of Formation: 19807) Lake Clark Area: 4,093 square miles (10,602 sq km) Location: Alaska Year of Formation: 19808) Yellowstone Area: 3,468 square miles (8,983 sq km) Location: Wyoming, Montana, Idaho Year of Formation: 18729) Kobuk Valley Area: 2,735 square miles (7,085 sq km) Location: Alaska Year of Formation: 198010) Everglades Area: 2,357 square miles (6,105 sq km) Location: Florida Year of Formation: 193411) Grand Canyon Area: 1,902 square miles (4,927 sq km) Location: Arizona Year of Formation: 191912) Glacier Area: 1 ,584 square miles (4,102 sq km) Location: Montana Year of Formation: 191013) Olympic Area: 1,442 square miles (3,734 sq km) Location: Washington Year of Formation: 193814) Big Bend Area: 1,252 square miles (3,242 sq km) Location: Texas Year of Formation: 194415) Joshua Tree Area: 1,234 square miles (3,196 sq km) Location: California Year of Formation 199416) Yosemite Area: 1,189 square miles (3,080 sq km) Location: California Year of Formation: 189017) Kenai Fjords Area: 1,047 square miles (2,711 sq km) Location: Alaska Year of Formation: 198018) Isle Royale Area: 893 square miles (2,314 sq km) Location: Michigan Year of Formation: 193119) The Great Smoky Mountains Area: 814 square miles (2,110 sq km) Location: North Carolina, Tennessee Year of Formation: 193420) North Cascades Area: 789 square miles (2,043 sq km) Location: Washington Year of Formation: 1968To learn more about National Parks in the United States, visit the official website of the National Park Service. ReferencesWikipedia.org. (2 May 2011). List of National Parks of the United States - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_National_Parks_of_the_United_States

Five Ways to Upsell Your Writing Services

Five Ways to Upsell Your Writing Services I’m grateful to be a freelance writer and making a living from something I love. In fact, I’m so grateful that I sometimes sell myself short and accept less pay than what my writing is worth. So how did I begin to expect and receive fair pay and even upsell my services? In her Forbes article, â€Å"How to Get Paid What You’re Worth,† Liz Ryan writes â€Å"†¦you will have to negotiate, and youll also have to say No to the wrong opportunities.† Saying â€Å"no† to some projects opens doors to better pay. Here are a few tips to help you upsell your writing. 1.  Ã‚     Emphasize relevant credentials and experience. I selectively combine both direct and indirect experiences to apply for a gig. For example, if I’m proposing a piece on Mideast refugees, I explain why my previous writing as well as my Middle East living experience qualifies me as the best writer for top pay. 2.  Ã‚     Relate your query to the publications specific need or growth potential. Your sailing expertise may seem detached from a prepper blog, but you could explain how preparing for the unexpected is an essential skill that can benefit preppers using water routes during an apocalyptic event. Craft your query to emphasize water escape preparations as a new niche topic for the publication. 3.  Ã‚     Analyze clients job description to counter-offer services that better meet the need. Twice last year I was asked Another client requested a high-level manuscript review, but then also mentioned comment balloons and line edits. I explained the difference and advised her that if she wanted detailed feedback rather than a summary, she should consider the line edit. She happily paid several hundred dollars more. 4.  Ã‚     Follow up for additional projects. Several previous clients indicated they might have additional work down the road. I politely waited a year or so, and then contacted them to follow up. Most were ready to assign new projects, while one had postponed the idea. My initiative paid off, sometimes more than once as additional projects were developed. 5.  Ã‚     Ask high and accept lower at a fair rate. Some projects have more bargaining flexibility than others. When feasible, consider taking the risk to ask a higher price, and then settle for a lesser amount that will meet your project expectations. However, keep in mind that you may risk losing the project in these situations. In fact, that happened to me recently. I refused a ghostwriting book project that was priced several thousand dollars lower than the work merited and lost the deal. No regrets! As a writer, you set the bar for acceptable pay. Don’t settle for less than you deserve and look for opportunities to upsell your services.

How Does the Pavilion Store In Winchester Use Intangible Experiences Assignment

How Does the Pavilion Store In Winchester Use Intangible Experiences to Keep Customer Loyalty - Assignment Example This research will begin with the statement that the Pavilion Clothing Limited is one of the internationally recognized fashion retailers that meet its customers on a face-to-face basis. The Pavilion Clothing Limited has been in existence for the last seven years. The pavilion is a private fashion and clothing entity that was established in 2007 by private investors. Currently, the Pavilion Clothing Limited is rated as one of the fastest growing clothing companies in the United Kingdom. The company is located in Winchester, Hants in the United Kingdom. The company deals with precious and up to date men and women fashions. A part of dealing with male and female clothes, the company deals with other products that include: bubblers, water pipes, rolling papers, cleaning suppliers, hookahs, vaporizers, and hand pipes. The prices of Pavilion’s products depend on the quality of the product as well as the existing market value. The Pavilion Clothing Limited’s main customers ar e middle class young and old people who have sufficient amount of resources to cater for the price of its high-quality products. The essay will start off by explaining the manner in which Pavilion Clothing Limited conducts the promotion of its products as well as the price, quality, and potential customers of Pavilion Clothing Limited’s products. Secondly, the essay will also explain the internal and external aspects of the Pavilion Clothing Limited and its effects on the success of the company. The essay will further define the meaning of intangible and tangible experiences and its application in Pavilion Clothing Company. The negative side of intangible experience in a company will also be expounded in the essay. Finally, the essay will explain how the intangible experiences add value to the company’s products as well as the strengths and weaknesses of the entire process. The Pavilion Clothing Limited’s success is to a greater extent brought about by its commo nly known high-quality products and services. The Pavilion Clothing Limited has developed effective models of connecting the company’s products to its customers’ emotional needs.

Evolution of the World Bank Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Evolution of the World Bank - Case Study Example The World Bank is a group of five closely associated international organizations responsible for providing finance and advice to countries for the purposes of economic development and eliminating poverty. Its five agencies are: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD); International Finance Corporation (IFC); International Development Association (IDA); Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA); and International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). The World Bank's activities are particularly focused on economically backward developing countries. These activities are in fields such as agriculture and rural development (e.g. irrigation, rural services), human development (e.g. education, health), infrastructure (e.g. roads, urban regeneration, electricity), governance (e.g. anti-corruption, legal institutions development) and environmental protection (e.g. pollution reduction, establishing and enforcing regulations). Each of these organizati ons has their own aims and objectives. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) aims to reduce poverty in middle-income and creditworthy poorer countries by promoting sustainable development through loans, guarantees, risk management products, and analytical and advisory services. The IBRD and IDA provide loans at preferential rates to member countries, as well as grants to the poorest countries for developmental activities. Most of the times loans or grants for specific projects that may result in improvement of policy changes. For instance, loans to improve coastal environmental management that may be linked to development of new environmental institutions at national and local levels and to implementation of new regulations to limit pollution. The main activities of the IFC and MIGA include investment in the private sector and capitalizing insurance respectively (Wikipedia, 2007a). The IBRD was established in 1944 as the original institution of the World Bank Group. It is structured like a cooperative that is owned and operated for the benefit of its'185 member countries (web.worldbank.org, 2007). IBRD raises most of its funds on the world's financial markets. In 1946 the Bank had an authorized capital of $10 bi11ion, worth about 20 times as much today. However, all through its development it has been singularly garnered more controversy and criticism than any other international financial or development institution. In 1993 the Bank's total callable capital was almost $166 billion, though of that only $10.53 was paid in (Rich, 1994). The income that IBRD has been generated from the time of its inception has allowed it to fund development activities and to ensure its financial strength. As a result of this it is enabled to borrow at low cost and offer clients good borrowing terms (web.worldbank.org, 2007). From mid 1946 to mid 1986 the World Bank lent a total o f $160 billion for 4,000 different projects in around 100 countries, and has even more increased in the last few decades. By any reckoning the Bank's resources are huge (Hardy, N.D.). Till date IBRD has not suffered any losses

Absorptive Capacity in Knowledge Management Essay

Absorptive Capacity in Knowledge Management - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that the final result of absorptive capacity is thus innovation and already performance. Absorptive capacity may be construed as a four-tiered concept. It requires acquisition, proceeded by assimilation followed by transformation and eventually exploitation (Smith et. al., 2005). Acquisition involves the process of obtaining knowledge from external sources. The organization needs to have mechanisms for identifying that knowledge first. In essence, the acquisition process should be related to their core operations. Assimilation ought to follow this process; here, firms must capitalize on their processes and routines in order to interpret, analyze as well as understand the external knowledge. Once assimilation has occurred, the company ought to combine current and assimilated knowledge into one platform through transformation. This may involve a modification for existing practices. Finally, exploitation needs to take place, where a company leverages on its t ransformed capabilities by placing them into their operations. Acquisition may be influenced by a number of variables. The intensity and speed of knowledge acquisition has an effect on the outlook.  

Abelard Meets Heloise-Dante and the Three Kingdoms Essay

Abelard Meets Heloise-Dante and the Three Kingdoms - Essay Example This particular piece depicts purgatory, hell, paradise on earth (the Garden of Eden where Adam and Eve lived) and the earthly spheres. Michelino took the name of his teacher and used it as his own Leighton was the son of an artist by the name of Charles Blair Leighton. Edmund was born in London and was known in his adult years for his extremely skillful craftsmanship. He central medium of use was paint and he mainly focused on works depicting regency and medieval subjects. His particular piece known as Abelard and His Pupil, Heloisa depicts a taboo encounter between an instructor and his pupil. The painting shows a beautiful Heloisa leaning slightly into the left side of her seated master Abelard. The body language is the indicator of the manner of their relationship. This particular love story is said to be the saddest love story to ever be told. Raffa, Guy P. â€Å"Dante World: A Reader’s Guide to the Inferno† Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 2007. This particular work is specific more to understanding the almost otherworldliness which Dante’s writings contained. This writing was then translated into numerous forms of medium and are still assimilated with religion today. Understanding the premise for Dante’s views allows the observer to discern more detail and meaning in the recreation of Dante’s world done by Michelino. Snell, Melissa. â€Å"Peter Abelard: Article from the 1911 Encyclopedia† The New York Times, 2008. This particular article provides details as to who Abelard was. It describes him as a scholar of Philosophy who eventually fell in love with his pupil, Heloise. By understanding this love affair and who these individuals were, one can better grasp and appreciate the artistic rendering of them by

An empirical study on FDI, inward or outward Essay

An empirical study on FDI, inward or outward - Essay Example Irrespective of the form of FDI, they are quintessentially featured by the investor’s profit motives but are also characterised by attributes which contribute to the recipient nation’s economic growth (Nijkamp & Toth, 2006, p. 27). This is in fact the reason why developing nations all around the world are keen to attract FDI inflows which recuperates their resource crunch by a large extent. Saudi Arabia is also one of the nations which have recently understood the importance of foreign direct investment for a sustainable long term economic growth. This actually has stimulated the amount of FDI inflows within the nation from Middle-Eastern nations as well as non Middle-Eastern ones. Statistics recorded in the year 2010 state the total volume of FDI inflows in Saudi Arabia to equate almost US$ 5.8 billion. This has actually assisted in capital enhancement in the economy, a growth in productivity of factors as well as an improvement in employment opportunities within the e conomy (Ramady, 2010, p. 343). In addition, the nation is also involved in FDI outflows, which equally contributes to the nation’s development through returns on investment. ... The diagram underneath reflects the traits in gross FDI inflows in the economy between 2005 and 2009. It clearly shows a rising positive trend in the same in addition to a rise in the nation’s stock of capital being accumulated. However, despite the overall positive scenario, the gross volume of FDI inflows is found to have diminished between 2008 and 2009 even though it is a nominal one, amounting to US$ 2.7 billion. But one positive point about this negative difference is that it is much lower in magnitude compared to the magnitudes of rise in FDI inflows that the nation had been experiencing over the past few years. This very fact suggests a smoothening of fluctuation in the inflowing volumes of FDI which implies a softening of discrepancies. In fact, as far as the Government of Saudi Arabia has opined, the economy possesses immense potentials which could be employed in enticing more FDI. This is evident from the reduction or easing of annual differences in inflows and outf lows within and out of the economy (SAGIA, 2010, p. 2). Growth in the volume of FDI outflows is also found to be quite satisfactory as FDI inflows. This is evident from the diagram underneath which shows a consistent rise in FDI outflows between 2002 and 2005 even though the nation faced with considerable depreciation in 2006 (values in the diagram denominated in US$ billion). While, the fall in the FDI outflows during recent years could be regarded as a temporary fluctuation, the largely rising trend is assigned to hefty export revenues earned by GCC nations owing to a hike in oil prices (UNCTAD, 2007). As far as the statistics for the year 2006 are concerned, Saudi Arabia along with UAE and Egypt

Abelard Meets Heloise-Dante and the Three Kingdoms Essay

Abelard Meets Heloise-Dante and the Three Kingdoms - Essay Example This particular piece depicts purgatory, hell, paradise on earth (the Garden of Eden where Adam and Eve lived) and the earthly spheres. Michelino took the name of his teacher and used it as his own Leighton was the son of an artist by the name of Charles Blair Leighton. Edmund was born in London and was known in his adult years for his extremely skillful craftsmanship. He central medium of use was paint and he mainly focused on works depicting regency and medieval subjects. His particular piece known as Abelard and His Pupil, Heloisa depicts a taboo encounter between an instructor and his pupil. The painting shows a beautiful Heloisa leaning slightly into the left side of her seated master Abelard. The body language is the indicator of the manner of their relationship. This particular love story is said to be the saddest love story to ever be told. Raffa, Guy P. â€Å"Dante World: A Reader’s Guide to the Inferno† Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 2007. This particular work is specific more to understanding the almost otherworldliness which Dante’s writings contained. This writing was then translated into numerous forms of medium and are still assimilated with religion today. Understanding the premise for Dante’s views allows the observer to discern more detail and meaning in the recreation of Dante’s world done by Michelino. Snell, Melissa. â€Å"Peter Abelard: Article from the 1911 Encyclopedia† The New York Times, 2008. This particular article provides details as to who Abelard was. It describes him as a scholar of Philosophy who eventually fell in love with his pupil, Heloise. By understanding this love affair and who these individuals were, one can better grasp and appreciate the artistic rendering of them by

The Gold Rush Era Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Gold Rush Era - Research Paper Example Gold Rush in California had a very significant impact on the life of people and the city in the era of 1848-1855. California before 1848 was a small city with less count of citizens. After Gold was found in this city, it became the center of attraction for many people. California not only traded Gold in the United States but it also traded Gold in the best part of the world after 1850. â€Å"Due to heavy Gold mining, there were requirements towards transportations so the government had to build railways and roadways were also improved so that there could be optimum trading of Gold to and from California†. Heavy gold mining helped other types of businesses in the United States to gain positive business growth rate. â€Å"Most importantly, gold rush actually helped the economy of United States to gain a positive growth rate†. The Gold Rush undoubtedly led to the development of the city by improving the society. The Gold Rush began near Coloma at Sutter’s Mill after tests were conducted on a shiny metal found there. The tests confirmed that the shiny metal was gold. This news was then published all over the world which led to the development of California. â€Å"Gold was first discovered in Northern California on a huge scale. Later on, Gold was also discovered in Southern California on a smaller scale †. The first discovery was made in Rancho San Francisco.This place is popularly known as Los Angeles. Foundation of Gold in California let people diverse from agriculture and fishing to gold mining.

How Do Floods Occur Essay Example for Free

How Do Floods Occur Essay When floods develop, the places in which they do so are called water sheds. These water sheds can be either man made or they can be natural. A watershed is defined as an area that is between a land mass and a water source. A watershed can be a lake or a river. If this particular watershed is working appropriately, then the water should be drained into the ground naturally. However, if there is too much snowfall or rainfall, then the watershed cannot hold so much water and this results in overflowing of the water. However, when we are talking about the water sheds it is just not a small quantity of water but we are talking about huge volumes. So, a lot of water can actually drown an entire city. A combination of rains and excessive water can form the perfect recipe for a flood. When it rains the water levels constantly rise up and the rivers or lakes that act as water sheds cannot hold anymore water and so they also start overflowing and this results in a major flood. Even humans are some of the contributing factors to a flood actually. With so much development in the form of roads, infrastructure and buildings, there is very left ground left. So, there is no mud left for absorbing the water that comes in the form of rainfalls. If there are drains available, then the waters naturally flow into the drains and then led to the sea. However, when the drains are full due to continuous rainfall, then the cities get flooded.

Radio-frequency Identification (RFID) System Development

Radio-frequency Identification (RFID) System Development Abstract In this proposal, I would like to investigate is the shopping system work for the visually impaired person. For the methodology part, my research is separate in two main parts. In the first part, I will interview with the supermarket customers to gain a basic understanding of the opinion to build a shopping system work for the visually impaired person. In the second part is about the product, the process is the supermarket got the RFID system in the future, then visually impaired person have the watch to receive the RFID that let them to know where they are and also the information of the product they want. My system will also want to understand the specific difficulties and troubles that the visually impaired person may happen and their needs with the super market shopping system. I begin by evaluating the impact of supermarket and the visually impaired person. I will show the system which for the super market to use, then examine the results of a survey of super market customer with their opinion about install a system for the visually impaired person to use in the supermarket. Moreover, there will include the budget of this system. Problem Hong Kong already positively developed the science and technology from the mid-90s, but in 1999, the financial secretary Donald Tsang Yam-Kuen, proposed that Hong Kong must develop high-tech massively, innovates positively the science and technology, except for is facing the bubble economy effect Hong Kong economy, develops an outlet, hoped that uses Hong Kongs superiority, makes Hong Kong to develop Asias scientific research key position. The intrinsic condition first is talented person: Hong Kong would like to create the value, the development science and technology, what most essential is the talented person, Hong Kong as a result of the place and the history cultural context superiority, can attraction large quantities of people with professional skills, Carried out the popularization education positively after for many years, Hong Kong persons educational level is promoting unceasingly. The local each institutions of higher education launchs curriculum, like the mechanical engineering, the electronic engineering, biotechnology and the information science and technology, can train thousands of technical people with professional skills every year for Hong Kong. In office person Shi the aspect, the government encourages the industry to pay great attention to cultivate the talented person, provides the large taxes and levies width to reduce for this reason, and through new technology training plan, to recommend for admission to school the repairing study new science and technology the company to provide the financial support. Special zone government for raise local working population innovation ability, in 99 years report on government administration proposed that in the elementary education stage carrying out comprehensive education, cultivate the student the innovative idea and creation ability. The student besides the study basic academic knowledge and the technological means that can also grasp the thought that the analysis and the communication skill, as well as has the essential skill, will enable can derive the new knowledge in the future and adapt the new thing, drove that the student will enrich himself unceasingly, will make every effort to progress. Infrastructure: As early as in the early 90s, Hong Kong invested a hundred million seven thousands of US dollar establishment Pan-Asian fiber optics system, connected North America, European, Australian and Asian each region, but Hong Kong was also the global first development interaction television and the high speed transmission network area. These infrastructure overcomes the good foundation for Hong Kong development information science and technology. Fund: Develops the new science and technology to need the huge fund, but Hong Kong takes the internatio nal financial center, can buy from all over the world the capital in the port investment. Except for this, the local enterprise recent years also started to invest the high tech industry, if positively developed the telecommunication business with the yellow group, but Hong Kong telecommunication also invested hundred hundred million development Internet service. Government policy: The government recent years started to take the high tech service, developed the high tech for Hong Kong to make the good environment. But in the promotion industrial technology horizontal aspect, the government has established the industry science and technology center and the industry and the technological progress bureau in the 90s, also through industry bureau and productive forces promotion bureau assistance manufacturing industry lift technique level. Scientific research: Hong Kong each universities, colleges and institutes for many years in the scientific research have made many progresses, success ively in the Internet technology, biotechnology, environmental protection and the electronic currency and so on researches and develops the leading whole world variously the technology, but these achievements in scientific research develop the tech industry strongest backing. Intrinsic demand employment question: The technical education also simultaneously brings the people with professional skills surplus question. Because Hong Kong development sciences and technologys step is too slow, the labor market simply cannot buy in the people with professional skills completely, causes question which the unemployment and the capable person flow out. Therefore, develops the high tech to Hong Kong is urgent. Industry reforming: Taiwan, Singapore and South Korea as early as started in the 70s by crowded to transfer gradually the industry by the work the capital, the technology are crowded, and achieved the arrogant person achievement. Reviewed Hong Kong to fall behind many in this aspect, until now still outside moved reduces the cost the way survival. Must seize Asia industrial center again the status, we must develop the high tech, assists industry reforming. Multiplication: Now Hong Kongs economic structure too emphatically trade and financial service industry, both Canada occupies local total output value over 40%, but not the balanced development brings the enormous concealed worry like this for Hong Kong. Develops the high tech to be possible to strengthen the manufacturing industry the proportion, realizes the economical multiplication. External factor Twenty one century by Yu Wei will be knowledge and the technical century, technological progress successful or not plays to a national or the local competitive power the decisive role, now many countries already forestall to start. The history tells us, Hong Kong each time peak is leads by the external factor, therefore, if we cannot seize tighten this opportunity, catches up with develops the high tech last bus, we will certainly to degenerate into twenty one century loser. Feasible pattern. The high techs itself can the independence by an industry form development. Hong Kong has the splendid infrastructure, a knowledge and the foresight capable person, the huge fund and craves in the new thing quality is to develops the high tech industry ideal place. Taiwans Hsinchu science park and USs Silicon Valley, is the high tech industry independent survival, but can lead the economic development the successful example on the other hand, the high tech may also assist Hong Kong each profession lift technique and strengthen the productive forces, and raises the working efficiency, reaches to decreases the cost the benefit. The shipping industry may introduce the computerization management, raises the cargo handling efficiency; The clothing industry may use the computer establishment ready-made clothing design model and raw material database, manages the production and the warehouse; The electronic manufacturing industry may buy the new machine, by formerly made the OEM low-order e lectronic part evolution to independently to design and the production higher order electronic products; The revertex and the toy business may also introduce the computer aided design and produce (CAD/CAM), improvement product innate nature. In summary, Hong Kongs high tech development road to should be the opening independent high tech industry, in addition by vanguard technology transformation existing profession, to technology-intensive direction adjustment. This kind two legs walk the development model, will bring the biggest benefit for Hong Kong. In summary, Hong Kong has develops high tech all essential conditions, but the high tech can also lead the whole economic development, therefore, developed the high tech absolutely is the most suitable road to approach to Hong Kong. We can see that Hong Kong is becoming a high level technology city, all things around us are become digital and high quality. We will think that every single people in Hong Kong can enjoy the benefit of it. How what we cannot see is there still have some group of people in the society that still have life uncomfortable. The visually impaired people in Hong Kong are difficult to shopping in the super market which I think high technology can help them to improve their daily life. Our government have say before that we need to developed the science and technology, so why we dont do it today? The World Health Organization announces, the world approximately has 45,000,000 visually impaired people, the including 90% visually impaired person, are in the developing country. The world regards the barrier patient to reach 1.35 hundred million people, visually impaired persons world, has analogized has been the dark world. In the dark world, how should fit to the fact world? How to survive? This is the discerning person is unable to realize. since 1960, European and American various countries have started to impel to let of physical disabilities the positively and other motion barrier can like the common normal person use each kind of building, the facility, the activity venue as well as the transportation vehicle and so on. This kind the movement which causes the disabled persons to pass unimpeded, is called the non-barrier movement Importance of the Barrier-free design. Enhances regards bonds the public figure to live the innate nature an important condition is penetrates the improvement public place the channel facility, enables them to walk independently, has a greater degree-of-freedom to participate in the community moving, integrates the society easily and establishes the society which together with the disabled people more harmonious altogether melts. Need of for the coordination social development, promotes the Barrier-free design facility unceasingly, the promotion regards bonds opportunity of the public figure equality participation social activity, lets them share in the information, transportation, path, building and other aspects similarly with the average person the public utility, realizes the government to propose that the society altogether melts without the barrier idea. Most of the visually impaired person may have problem for their daily life, such as choose the product and go to pay the money. We can see there are lots of different facilities to help them solve the daily life problem. For example, the tactile map the tactile guide path and the audio description, which I think is useful tools. But we cannot find those useful facilities in the supermarket. What I can do is create a supermarket system for the visually impaired person to use, to make them feel more convenient during shopping in the supermarket. A system for guiding the visually impaired person including the watch with receive RFID system function and the earphones is a sound generator, to guide the visually impaired person what goods they are watching for and how much is the prices. In 22nd century, people will use the entire high technique product to let their life become convenient, so as the visually impaired person. We can expect shopping system will become very useful for them in the future. Aim My aim is to provide a high technique system to let the visually impaired person use in the supermarket. They can simply wear a watch which with receive RFID system function and the earphones to explore the bar code and they just listen to the voice, then they will know what kinds of food that they are searching for. Visually impaired persons as society in special groups, needs the society to give them more concerns and the attendance, enables them a better independent life. How to walk safely with the purchase life needs is the visually impaired person the most major problem of their lives, According to the past visually impaired product advantages and disadvantages and the visually impaired person personal request and need, I has designed a set of more perfect supermarket visually impaired person guidance system. On the super market, I can sees the visually impaired is hard to decide where should they go and about the product information. They always need to ask for help and that I thing will waste their time very much; I fell so uncomfortable with their situation. If there has set of functions perfectly to lead the visually impaired system to have well. Therefore, I start to collect the material, bustles about for my system. After the material collection, I found that Hong Kong has 120,000 visually impaired people, includes the hemianopia. The visually impaired person always does the things for independence in their life, they made the basic independence depending on their strength, but there still have the things that they cannot do and aspect. After understanding partial visually impaired people, I understanding to the visually impaired person in the journey and the life difficulty, I has obtained them certain subject matters which faces in the daily life: They live in a dark world, walked cannot find the concrete position and they are hard to find out the things that they want. Thats why I want to provide the super market system for them to use. To achieve the aims, I will focus on the relationship between shopping system and the coding system which supermarket provide .The following are some hypotheses that I would like to investigate in this research. H1 Most of visually impaired person are not easy to shopping in the supermarket. H2 Most of the visually impaired person need the shopping system. H3 shopping system for the visually impaired person is work and gain profit. H4 Provide the high quality and good user interface shopping system instrument. H1, H2 and H3 investigate the socio-economic (marco) aspects of shopping system. In order to research H1, I will research the visually impaired person in Hong Kong and other country such as US, China.etc . H2 Reveals most of the visually impaired person need a tools to help them to shopping themselves. H3 I need to sure that this system can get the profit because that the main objective that a business plan come from. H4 Provide the high quality and f good user interface shopping system instrument to make sure that visually impaired person people can enjoy their shopping, they can get a joyful lifestyle. Background PARKnSHOP As my target is install the system for visually impaired person to use in PARKnSHOP. I will give a short descript for PARKnSHOP first, they are the local supermarket store, they are one of the largest supermarket in Hong Kong. They aim to give customers the highest quality product and outstanding value for money, they also provide many fresh foods for customers to choose, and they will give the most reasonable price of the product to the customers. PARKnSHOP was start at 1973 by Hutchison Whampoa, they have more than 200 stores already over Hong Kong and Macau these two places, which is a big chain with 9000 employees and achieve themselves to their commitment with innovation and provide good quality of service to the customers. They are a member of Watsons from Hutchison Whampoa Limited. The famous service of PARKnSHOP is the Fresh Check and Price Watch two programmes. Fresh Check promise that their will give the most good levels of food safety to their customers and it is at the be st value in town. Price Watch will set the price near standard of Hong Kong retailing and similar shops setting price. If the customers find that their Price Watch products price is higher than others store that they will give back the gift to customers which make the customers feel more confident. To show their responsibility of the product price setting. PARKnSHOPs have more than 50 Superstores in Hong Kong. They start the first Superstore in Hong Kong in 1996. Superstore concept has transformed the mind of Hong Kong people think about the supermarket shopping store. They give a new concept of supermarket for the customer that they are not like the traditional supermarket store. Giving their customers the most lots of selection with their store items in Hong Kong, provide lots of food such as fish, vegetables, sushi, snack and the rice. They also provide all the life necessary product, for example blanket, dish and the bowl. The larger PARKnSHOPs superstores will provide clothes, bed, imported cosmetics, and bath accessories, a DIY section, lots of general household products to the customers.They also have the first PARKnSHOP Megastore start in 2002, it with a floor space of 6 700 metre square which is a very big area in Hong Kong. Visually impaired person According to the Social data collected via the General Household Survey in 2008. There are currently 122, 600 legally visually impaired person in Hong Kong. Visually impaired person is a persons whos with eyes seeing difficulty and those who had been appraise as being visually impaired person, sometimes visually impaired person may just have the low vision under the professional checks or define they will have a long-term seeing difficulty with one eye or both eyes whether they are with or without wearing any correcting glasses lenses. They living in the Hong Kong who face daily obstacles with routine tasks, especially in regards to their experiences within supermarkets and stores. Developing assistive technologies and handheld devices allows for the possibility of increasing independence for those who have low vision. Currently, many grocery stores treat those that are visually impaired person as high cost customers, and dramatically undersell to this market, ignore to take their needs into consideration. The use of computational vision can be advantageous in helping these visually impaired person customers, as restrictions such as the limited ability of guide dogs, frequently changing store layouts, and existing resources do not allow for a completely independent shopping experience. Using technologies such as object recognition, sign reading, and text-to-speech notification could allow for a greater autonomous solution to the growing problem. Total visually impaired is visual light sense and complete lack of form; it is clinically recorded as no light sense. Visually impaired is frequently used to describe severe visual impaired with surplus mision. Those kind of described is show that the visually impaired person having only light sense or have no more sight than the ability than they can do to tell light from dark area or the general direction that they are of a light source. To decide which people need the special assistance is because of their visual disabilities, governmental guide handbook for define the visually impaired person. In most of country, legal visually impaired person is defined as they can see 20/200 or less far with the better eye and the best correction possible. That means that a legally visually impaired individual would have to stand 20 feet from an object to see it with best correction possible and also the same degree of clear as a normally sighted person could from 200 feet. In many areas, people with average acuity of less than 20 degrees are also classified as being legally visually impaired. About ten percent of those deemed legally visually impaired, by any measure, have no vision. The rest have some vision, from light sense to relatively good acuity. The ten revision of the World Health Organization International Statistical Classification of Diseases,have say that low visionis defined as visual sense of less than 6/18, but e qual to or better than 3/60, or corresponding visual field loss to less than 20 degrees, in the better eye with best possible correction. Visually impairednessis defined as visual acuity of less than 3/60, or corresponding visual field loss to less than 10 degrees, in the better eye with best possible correction. Tactile graphicsare the images use to raise outward to let the visually impaired person can feel them and know about the infoemations. They always use to provide the non-textual information such as maps, graphs, paintings and also the diagrams. The graphics can give the verbal description, sounds for the visually impaired person to read it in their mind and remember it. RFID RFID already the dispersion quietly on our life, very common to saw or heard this noun, Strange did not know that behind it the operation principle and the technology. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Chinese may be called the wireless radio frequency recognition system. Usually is the system which is composed of sensor (Reader) and RFID label (Tag), its operations principle uses the sensor launch radio wave, touches in the induction scope the RFID label, and produces the electric current because of the electromagnetic induction, supplies on the RFID labels chip to operate and to send out the electromagnetic wave response sensor. Actuates the energy origin difference, the RFID label to be possible to divide into the driving type and the passive form two kinds: The passive form label itself does not have batterys installment, needs the electric current to depend entirely on the sensor the radio wave electromagnetic induction production, therefore only will then be receiving the signal which the sensor will send out only then the passive response sensor; But the driving-type label built-in has the battery, may transmit the signal to supply the sensor read on own initiative, the signal transmission scope relative to be also broader than the passive form. Actually RFID already has in our daily life environment, will drive on the highway not to need to stop the vehicle to give ETC which the coupon ticket will use the prepaid card, will go 7-11 to buy a drink to use VISA WAVE the credit card, on the beloved pet body will implant the pet chip, in the store or the library security chip, will get in the home to open MiFare which the front door entrance guard will use the chip card, these will be the RFID practical applications. The RFID characteristic especially qualify uses for to take the person or goods on circuit control tracing and the recognition. Therefore RFID widespread application in entrance guard control, flow control as well as aspects and so on electronic ticket. In addition RFID has formulated the global unified ISO standard, simultaneously favors the opportunity which RFID brings, had many manufacturer investment related industry research and development, in recent years in domestic and foreign promotes many and the RFID re lated application for example: The global biggest chain-like circuit discusses Wal-Mart to request its first 100 big upstream supplier installs the RFID label on the goods packing or the stack board, with the aim of tracing the goods on supply chain immediate information, may reduce the cost and enhance the product information the transparency; The domestic Yulong automobile the RFID technology application in the car care service flow control, the vehicle owner may grasp clearly in the restroom loves the vehicle immediate processing situation and the progress; Three always use in RFID patients recognition, avoids giving the medicine to be wrong, the large enhancement prepares the medicine with to give the medicine the accuracy. In electronic ticket application aspect, because the RFID label built-in memory may deposit the related recognition material, in addition encrypts the mechanism then records the ticket tickets content security in the electronic chip, therefore may widely apply in the jot expends, in order to avoid eliminates pays in cash gives change or the credit card signature and so on is troublesome. Like 2006 FIFA World Cup Soccer the Organizing unit and Phillips Corporation cooperates, discards the traditional admission ticket, changes picks the RFID chip card, this act, besides enables the fan to confirm the admission fast, this RFID electron admission ticket may also use for to pay in the field expenses and so on other like parking, dining; The MiFare chip but in domestic, in the majority of Taibei manpower has the long travel card which uses is also one kind of RFID card. Besides may use for to build DORTS, the public vehicle, the cat cable and pays the parking fee, in the technology should be possible to use in other lives the jot expense. Limited to the domestic financial law, the long travel card can only use in the transportation enterprise, has not been able to carry on the service which the jot expends; But last year the domestic four banks and the Taibei Wisdom Card Ticket Company signed a treaty the release long travel jointly card, and unified VISA which the VISA International organization promoted the WAVE function, enabled the cardholder besides to be possible to travel by the populace transportation system, might also use in facilitating the ultra business to expend, brings more conveniences the services. Does obeisance bestowing of the technical, RFID lets the life be more convenient, be safer, as soon as the imagination gets down the supermarket to buy a vehicles commodity, as soon as so long as the shopping cart passes through the sensor shopping detailed list, the bill produces immediately, does not need to line up and so on sales clerks 11 to inspect a nd verify paying up now likely; Also one gets in the home, all around the temperature, the light and the electrical appliances turn the hypothesis which immediately you like, west does not need to look looks for the remote control and the switch; When familys refrigerator food drink not enough, the automatic under order form dwelling will match the government office, will not need to turn on the refrigerator to discover that most liked being possible not to have happily, this will really be the convenient future, moreover this already was not in the future far. RFID Receiver The receiver of RFID is provide by Maxells, their new RFID system is comprised of an advanced RFID reader and RFID chip that is customized for individual applications. It allows information to be wirelessly transferred from a tag to a reader to enhance the ability of companies to track individual items. Manufacturer Welcat Product Outlook Corresponding specification ISO/IEC15693 frequency band 13.56MHz Maximum communication distance 50 Kilometer Available RFID 1-CODE, my-d, Infineon technologies, Tag-it Outputs/into the interface RS232C Slaving voltage +3.3V~ +5V Consumption electric power 750 mW (when connect) Critical review of relevant literature Description of the system In the system, there include four main products Tactile Supermarket Layout Map, server, RFID system and also the watch for the visually impaired person to use. The first one Tactile Supermarket Layout Map is installed at the supermarket main entrance. That can make the user easy to find it out as they come to the supermarket and use the map without position problem. Tactile map is important tool to finding help for people with visual impaired. To use a map more effectively, it is essential to know ones own position on the map. For a person with visual impaired this usually means identifying a location of distinctive landmarks in the environment, if this location is located on the map it will provide the basis information for making a decision about their own position. Moreover, the map will provide the date for the visual impaired person such as the supermarket instantaneously best prices choose and also the new arrival product. They can search the product basic on the type or the b rand name of the product, which will provide all the Chinese or English two languages for user choose to make it more use effectively. Maybe they will not know about how to use the map, so the map will also provide a HELP function which the staff will come immediately and solve he/shes problem. The system will also provide the audible device allow the speech function which just likes a mobile phone. Every supermarket will have their own system to provide the cost and information of the product. Nowadays, they will use the traditional method to show the cost to the customers, they show the price and the name of the product on the paper then press it in front of the product. I can see a few times that the customers complain with the system price is not match with the show price. That happen will make the customer feel angry and inconvenient. Some time they will choose another product to buy, but in the worse case, they will get complain with the supermarket fraud with their trust. In the future, we should use the LCD monitor to display the price and the product information which will make the process of change the price make more convenient and reduce the use of paper. In the future, supermarket will use the RFID which is the use of an object applied to or incorporated into a product for the purpose of identification and tracking using radio waves. Some tags can be read from several meters away and beyond the line of sight of the reader. There will have a server to save all of the date for price and information of the product, no need the super storage device, just simplify a computer can make it happen. The date will send to the Tactile Supermarket Layout Map to provide the date of the product. Visually impaired person use the watch, inside the watch their have the receive RFID receiver to receives the date of RFID and they can listen to the price and the information such as expire day, nutrition information and the brand name of the product with their earphone. The RFID plan may body making to order He said that the RFID product divides into the initiative radio frequency and the passive radio frequency two broad heading ? initiative radio frequencies is the label built-in battery, sends out the electric wave to arrive at the microreader on own initiative, lets the sensor read material. The passive radio frequency is in the label does not have the battery, instead sends out the electric wave by the microreader, shoots on the label to bounce the reclamation information. Because the passive radio frequencys label compares the thin body, therefore applies generally at the retail trade, for example this companys label uses in the jewelry profession. As soon as so long as the customer takes up the jewelry, the staff member then available microreader read pastes on jewelrys label, immediately tells the product material and the selling price the customer. He pointed out that the passive radio frequency label price may be very cheap, for example a time has bought 5000, each selling price may lower to 0.5 Yuan. Besides jewelry industry, passive radio frequency label also widespread applicatio

Love Lost - Female Submission in Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream :: Midsummer Nights Dream

Love Lost - Female Submission in Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream After first seeing a performance of Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream, I would have called it a love story. After reading it several times, I am less sure what it is. I will take a closer look at the behavior and context of the characters to understand how a comedy with three marriages and as many as seven lovers almost concludes without a portrayal of love that satisfies me. The pairings I consider are: Theseus and Hippolyta, Hermia and Lysander, Helena and Demetrius, Helena and Hermia, Titania and Oberon, Titania and Bottom, and Pyramus and Thisby. Theseus and Hippolyta’s relationship is the most dignified in the play. They show a desire to get along and they are comfortable sharing experiences and feelings important to them (1.1.1-11; 4.1.111-126). Theseus tenderly dominates Hippolyta: â€Å"Come, my Hippolyta. What cheer, my love?† (1.1.122; 4.1.185). Hippolyta however never reciprocates his use of terms of endearment such as â€Å"my love† and â€Å"fair queen.† In addition, the mythical context of their relationship is foreboding. We are reminded that Theseus is able to marry Hippolyta because he kidnapped her (1.1.16-1.1.19). The mythical Hippolyta later either dies in childbirth, or fighting against the Amazons by Theseus's side, or Theseus leaves her for another woman, Phaedra, and the story gets more sordid after that.[1] Theseus’s reputation as ravisher of women is addressed in the script (2.1.74-80). And the Amazon method of perpetuating their tribe is not romantic.[2] Our perception of Lysander and Hermia’s love develops in the following events: Hermia chooses to become a nun rather than submit to marrying the man her father has chosen for her; Lysander comforts Hermia and shares his plan to elope; They lose their way in the woods and negotiate sleeping arrangements; Lysander deserts Hermia to pursue Helena and to kill his rival, Demetrius. While the initial event establishes a traditional love-story scenario, departures from a Cinderella and Prince Charming characterization occur: Hermia responds disrespectfully to the Duke (1.1.53) and Lysander makes a scornful remark to Demetrius and Egeus (1.1.93-94). When Lysander comforts Hermia and they plan to elope, they show they are well-versed in the nature of mythical love (1.1.132-155). That they have this level of awareness contrasts painfully or comically with their later lack of self-possession. The exuberance of their rhetoric contrasts with the gravity of their situation, and I cannot conceive of these lines being performed in a way that could evoke deep feeling.

Comparing the Innocent Criminal in Black Boy, Uncle Toms Children, Nat

The Innocent Criminal in Black Boy, Uncle Tom's Children, Native Son, and The Outsider      Ã‚   "It is probably a mere accident that I never killed," Richard Wright commented offhandedly in an interview with Robert Moss (596).   After reading several of Wright's works, one can easily understand what Wright means by this statement.   In his books Black Boy, Uncle Tom's Children, Native Son, and The Outsider, Wright suggests that white society has transformed black people into criminals.   The source of this claim comes from Wright's personal experiences as a Negro in the Deep South.   Whether pushed to crime from necessity or for personal fulfillment and self-realization, the protagonists of Wright's works are innocent criminals; they know that the ultimate crime for which they are being punished is the crime of being black.   Circumstances created by a racist social order place the characters in intolerable positions that coerce them into villainous activities.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In his autobiographical novel, Black Boy, Wright supports this theory using himself as an example.   In the tradition of the slave autobiography, Black Boy provides details of Wright's life from early childhood to his arrival in Chicago.   As Joyce Ann Joyce says, Black Boy:      Ã‚  Ã‚   ...is a realistic and poetic account of the hunger Wright endured as a child, his  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   closeness to his mother, the effect of his mother's illness, his problems with his father, his father's desertion, the violence he experienced from his mother's relatives, his love of words and books, his discovery of racism and his developing racial consciousness, his fight against his mother's and grandmother's religion, his scanty education, ... and the development of his individuality... ...chard Wright.   New York: Harcourt, 1969.   Rpt. in   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Richard Wright's Native Son: Modern Critical Interpretations.   New York: Chelsea House, 1988. Moss, Robert F.   "Caged Misery."   Saturday Review.   Jan. 21, 1978, 45-7.   Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism. Vol. 14.   Detroit: Gale, 1980. Skerrett, Joseph T., Jr.   "Composing Bigger: Wright and the Making of Native Son." in Richard Wright's   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Native Son:   Modern Critical Interpretations.   New York: Chelsea House, 1988. Wright, Richard.   Black Boy.   New York: Harper, 1944. _____.   "How Bigger Was Born."   Saturday Review.   June 1, 1940, n.pag.   Rpt. in Native Son.   New   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   York: Harper, 1940. _____.   Native Son.   New York: Harper, 1940. _____.   The Outsider.   New York: Harper, 1953. _____.   Uncle Tom's Children.   New York: Harper, 1936.

Ethics Awareness Inventory Analysis Essay

The Ethics Awareness Inventory (EAI) is a test created by the Williams Institute of Ethics and Management to provide individuals with a general approach towards ethical issues. This test broadly categorizes your profile in four categories namely, character (C), obligation (O), results (R), and equity (E). This paper will discuss my EAI profile, and how the results apply to my professional and personal development. In the end, I’ll also explain how my educational experience has affected my ethical thinking. According to the Ethics Awareness Inventory test, I’m most closely aligned with character, and least closely aligned with equity. This means that I’m a person that believes that having a good moral character is more important than achieving the results or completing their obligation. I believe that honesty and integrity are the most important characteristics of a ethical person. I look beyond people’s actions, and look deep into their character to decide whether they are ethical or not. I also believe that there are some standards regarding right and wrong, and that everyone is fully aware of them. They just need the proper willpower to act upon them. My EAI test also shows that I value obligation rather than results, which implies that I look into the best interests of the company, and don’t really consider the consequences of my action. I treat everyone like human beings and give them respect, rather than looking at them as means to an end. It also implies that I’m a team player. My EAI score also suggests that I believe that an ethically and morally correct decision shouldn’t necessarily be popular. In fact, most of the decisions I make are unpopular in the masses, and I think that is a measure of great character to stand up against a crowd. Regarding my professional and personal development, I always ask my self three questions when faced with an ethical dilemma: is it right for me; is it right for the company; and is it right for the customer? I believe that a decision should be in favor of the customer and the organization as well. I always look for a win-win situation when faced with a problem. Another way I solve my ethical dilemmas is by looking at the character of the person and the intention behind it. When I feel strongly about an ethical decision, then I ignore the rules and make the decision based on the person’s character. Lastly, I consider that my educational experience has tremendously affected my ethical thinking. When confronted with an ethical dilemma, I’m able to analyze the situation calmly. Furthermore, through my learning experience, I’m able to value the diversity and appreciate the opinions of others. By appreciating the point of others, I’ve been able to successfully avoid and/or solve conflicts. Furthermore, my educational experience has helped me increase my awareness about the choices I have regarding making decisions. I’ve learnt that I’m not right in every situation and that it’s better to be more flexible when dealing with other people. In conclusion, I believe that it’s extremely important for every individual to understand their ethical inclinations. Although there are no right or wrong answers in the test, I believe that by taking this test a person is better equipped to defend his personal and ethical decision. Furthermore, a person is better able to understand himself and his values. Reference University of Phoenix. (2010). Ethics Awareness Inventory. Retrieved November 30, 2008, from University of Phoenix, Week Two, rEsource. GEN480—Interdisciplinary Capstone Course Web site.

Discuss the social problems that result from the widespread availability of cheap alcohol Essay

The drinking of alcohol is completely acceptable in many if not most parts of society and, in the UK, it is legal to be bought by anyone over the age of 181. This is a well-known fact but a lesser known one is that in the UK, alcohol can be legally drunk on private premises by anyone over the age of 52 and youths aged 16 and over may drink alcohol3 in restaurants from the age of 16 if with an adult4. Apart from religious reasons, most people do not see a problem with a temperance attitude towards the consumption of alcohol, indeed research suggests that the occasional and moderate consumption of alcohol may have benefits to health. The problems arise when a culture adopts a heavy or binge drinking culture. Such a culture is encouraged and, in a lot of cases, made possible by the availability of cheap alcohol. Just looking at the website for Tesco today5 shows advertisements for discounted beer, for example 12 x 440ml cans of Fosters for ? 9 or a saving of ? 3 for 24 cans at only ? 15. That is beer at only 62p each for a large can, something which would cost a person approx. ?3 – 3. 50 each in a public house. It is not just supermarkets which offer cheap deals on alcohol, in my city tonight there will be countless bars offering ‘2 for 1’ deals and half price drinks during their ‘happy hours’ which normally last from 6pm until 9pm. This short time period when drinks are 50% cheaper leads to people being tempted to drink a lot of alcohol during the ‘happy hour’ period to take advantage of cheap drinks when they are available. Happy hours have become so popular that there are ‘Happy Hour Guides’ online so people know where to go for cheap alcohol6 . Although it may appear, on the surface, that the availability of cheap alcohol is harmless, unfortunately, a number of social problems have arisen as a result of it. These problems have reached such a crisis that for the past 3 years, the government has been attempting to address the availability of cheap alcohol from both shops and licensed premises and the length of opening hours in those licensed premises. The social problems that have arisen are widely publicised by the media by showing town and city centres on a Friday or Saturday night, awash with drunken teenagers and those in their 20s having partied on ‘cheap’ alcohol. This invariably leads to public order offences in the centres, a higher rate of sexual offences and, at the bottom end of the scale, centres left at the end of the night covered in broken bottles and kebab wrappers. Another lesser known fact is the binge drinkers are 14 times more likely to drive while impaired compared to people who drink sensible amounts†7. Slightly further behind the scenes, but also quite well publicised are the results seen at the A&E departments following binge drinking at a weekend when such departments are run off their feet trying to deal with genuine serious cases whilst, at the same time having to attend to a steady stream of drunk with alcohol related injuries. Such problems are quite well publicised and the public at large are well aware of these results of freely available cheap alcohol being abused. There are, however, more problems below the surface. In 2010, Sir John Stoddart, Chief Constable of Durham Constabulary spoke to Channel 4 about the affects cheap alcohol was having within his jurisdiction. He claimed that the problem is far larger than binge-fuelled bad behaviour and that his men and women on the beat saw a range of alcohol-related crime and social breakdown. In 2009, his constabulary and two neighbouring forces tackled nearly 6,500 incidents of domestic violence where alcohol played a part. The Chief Constable was quoted as saying that he was in no doubt that it was the cut prices and easy availability of alcohol that were to blame. 8 Other social problems that arise from freely available cheap alcohol include a general rise in crime, in fact, almost half of all victims of violence report that perpetrators were under the influence9. Also, the general health of those who abuse alcohol declines and it often leads to an early death. One reason for bad health from alcohol is chronic liver disease. From 1970 – 2000, deaths in the UK from cirrhosis increased by 900%. The primary cause of cirrhosis is drinking too much alcohol. In conclusion, there are numerous social problems which result from freely available cheap alcohol. These problems include health issues, domestic problems, a rise in crime and a general degradation of our town and city centres. II. Expand on the other issues that have made alcohol a significant social problem In the answer above, as well as the main, obvious social issues I did touch on the problem of health and crime resulting from the consumption (or rather, over consumption) of alcohol. I will now expand on these issues in more detail. During a time of austerity institutions such as the NHS are extremely hard pressed to provide an adequate service to the population. The NHS in England currently has to make ? 20bn of efficiency savings (between 2011 and 2015). These savings of 4% a year are needed if the NHS is to meet rising demands and maintain quality, with funding effectively frozen in real terms during the current spending review period. The last thing it needs is for a social issue to increase the number of patients that it has. In 2010, the NHS published a report on the cost of binge drinking, ‘Too much of the hard stuff: what alcohol costs the NHS’. It cited that consumption of alcohol in the UK had increased by 19 per cent over the previous three decades and that reports indicated that 10. 5 million adults in England drink alcohol above sensible limits and around 1. 1 million have a level of alcohol addiction. It also confirmed that alcohol was the third leading cause of disease burden in developed countries and, as a result, the cost of providing alcohol-related services was escalating. It emphasised that over a quarter of the population in England was drinking at hazardous levels and that treating alcohol-related conditions cost the NHS approximately ? 2. 7 billion in 2006/07, almost double the 2001 cost. Furthermore, the pressure to react to drinkers’ urgent and increasing health needs made it difficult for preventative measures to keep pace. Alcohol has always been an issue in relation to reported crime. According to the Home Office, the incidence of crimes committed under the influence of alcohol is rising steadily. During 2011, in England, almost half of all violent crimes were thought to have involved alcohol. Additionally, just under 40% of all domestic violence was attributed to drunkenness. Additionally, research by the British Medical Association suggests that between 60 – 70% of all murders were committed by those under the influence of alcohol. The abuse of alcohol has always been linked to crime levels and the reason for this is the fact that alcohol is classed as a ‘disinhibitor’. A disinhibitor is a drug that tends to remove a person’s inhibitions. In essence, alcohol can literally give people the â€Å"courage† to do things they might not otherwise do. So what makes people drink to excess? There are many factors attributed to heavy drinking of alcohol, these include the fact that those from families with a history of drinking are more likely to drink to excess, as are people with a history of abuse. Also cited as a blame for heavy drinking is peer pressure. Another factor, all the more relevant in a time of high unemployment and austerity is the fact that stress both at home and at work and unemployment are known factors to increase the consumption of alcohol. As with the NHS above, during these times of austerity, policing the population is strained almost to breaking point. Recent cuts on the budget for forces have led to a 17% cut in police staff with 13,500 fewer police officers and nearly 3,000 fewer PCSOs. During the period 2011 – 2015, UK police forces have to make a saving of ? 2. 7bn. In 2012, Her Majesties Inspector of Constabularies confirmed that as many as three different forces within in the UK were failing due to spending cuts and that others may fail in the near future. With such facts and figures, then with an increase of alcohol abuse, then there is likely to be an increase in reported crime. In such a climate, the last thing that UK forces need are high levels of alcohol related reported crimes. III. Why is cocaine considered the main drug of choice for the wealthy? The history of cocaine goes back many hundreds of years. Indeed, over 1000 years ago, indigenous South American people used to chew the leaves of cocoa plants for its nutrients. It has been known to the Western world since the mid-16th Century, since which it was been used as a drug of leisure and as a medicinal compound. For the majority of this time, the use of cocaine was legal, indeed during the early 20th-century, cocaine was being sold in US drugstores, costing 5c – 10c for a small boxful. It was commonly used by ‘stevedores’ along the Mississippi River, who used the drug as a stimulant. During the same period, again in the US, white employers encouraged its use by black labourers in order to increase their work rate. Even as recently as 1916, Harrods were selling a kit described as â€Å"A Welcome Present for Friends at the Front† containing cocaine, morphine, syringes and needles. However, later that year cocaine was made illegal following reports of ‘drug crazed soldiers’. It is currently a class A controlled drug listed on Schedule II of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971. During modern times, traditionally, cocaine was always the drug of the rich. This was purely due to its price being relatively high in comparison to other controlled drugs. Indeed, during the 1990s when I was working undercover in the drug scene, cocaine was rarely encountered on the street due to its high prices. Other, cheaper drugs such as LSD, Ecstasy and Amphetamine Sulphate (speed) were far more easily available and much cheaper. More recently, due to a higher supply of the drug, in accordance with the age old adage of ‘supply and demand’, the price of cocaine has dropped drastically. To illustrate this, in 1999 a gram of cocaine would cost in the region of ? 70. By the mid-2000s, that same gram would only cost about ? 35. It suddenly became affordable and therefore its usage increased. In 2007, the UN claimed that 2. 4% of adults in England and Wales use cocaine10. IV. What are the attractions of readily available recreational drugs? Recreational drugs are used by people to either create or improve a recreational situation rather than for medical or spiritual purposes. Recreational drugs include alcohol, nicotine and caffeine, together with a number of commonly used controlled drugs and, lately, a ‘group’ of what have been referred to as ‘legal highs’. The attractions of alcohol, nicotine and caffeine, together with legal highs11, such as ‘gocaine’, ‘ching’ and ‘AMT’ to name but a few include the fact that they are legal, easily obtained, relatively cheap, all are quite sociable drugs and, to differing degrees, all of them ‘lift’ a person’s spirits. Controlled (illegal) drugs are also regularly used recreationally. The most common types of recreational drug includes cannabis, amphetamines, ecstasy and cocaine. As above, the main attractions of recreational drugs are that they are relatively cheap, especially if compared to the price of alcohol, in particular if one wants a similar level of effect. They are a sociable pastime with very few recreational drug users using them in isolation and the majority (with the exception of cannabis) are designed to lift a person’s spirits and energy levels. Cannabis on the other hand has the opposite effect allowing a person to relax and it is often used by recreational drug users to help them ‘come down’ after an episode of using an ‘upper’. The fact that such drugs are illegal and even the mere possession of them could lead to a person receiving a criminal record is very little deterrent to those who wish to use recreational drugs. V. Explore the range of options for resolving the problem of frequent use of recreational drugs The options for resolving recreational drug use vary depending upon the drug in question. There is no control over the use of a drug such as caffeine, a child of any age can walk into any shop in the UK and purchase a jar of coffee, caffeine laced sweets or can of coke. This is because of the perception that caffeine is harmless and it is socially acceptable to be consumed, normally in a drink such as coffee or coke. Despite the public perception of it, however, caffeine is not quite as harmless as people believe. For example, just today it was reported that a 40 year old man died of an overdose of caffeine after eating too many mints with caffeine in them12. Having said that, in the majority of cases, caffeine does not cause any major adverse reaction to its consumption and it is not considered to be a recreational drug which requires resolving. Nicotine on the other hand has slipped out of popularity due to its most popular form of consumption being by smoking tobacco. Smoking was once popular and acceptable in the majority of places and situations, however, in the UK this has changed as a result of the health issues associated to it. The method used to resolve the recreational use of nicotine in the form of smoking tobacco has been to heavily tax it in order to make it unaffordable to the majority and to ban its use in public places. Alcohol is another recreational drug which has recently fallen foul of those in authority and its use is currently seen as something which requires resolving. This has resulted from an increase in ill health of drinkers, huge media interest in what they describe as ‘binge drinking’ and statistics which show that the UK is very high on international statistics as far as alcohol related crime is concerned. This is being done by good education programs regarding the ill effects of alcohol, overt advertising on the ill effects of alcohol use, heavy taxation and overt, strong policing of areas when alcohol is used recreationally. In addition, the government is exploring licensing hours with a view to reducing them in order to make alcohol less accessible and to introduce a minimum price per unit for alcohol in order to make it less affordable. The recreational use of legal highs are slightly harder to resolve. Although such drugs have been available for some time, it is only recently that their use, and indeed the sometimes fatal consequences of such use, has been advertised widely. Such drugs are frequently used by young people who either do not want to break the law and purchase illegal drugs, or by those who cannot afford controlled drugs (which invariably are more expensive). It is very difficult to resolve the use of recreational drugs that are freely available via hundreds of internet sites and shops around the UK. Most of the legal highs are basically vitamin pills laced with high levels of caffeine or herbs containing the (legal) chemical ephedrine. With their popularity, designers have started to produce a new generation of legal highs, many with effects more closely associated with stronger drugs like cannabis, ecstasy and cocaine, some even contain the amphetamine-like drug BZP, an artificial chemical originally used as worming tablet for cows. It is very hard to control such sales as, in a similar manner to designer drugs such as those originating from the original MDMA, as soon as a drug is made illegal, the designers just change its chemical make-up so it remains legal. Although this is easier to control with the UK drug laws than in countries such as the USA, it is still very difficult which is why in the UK, specific legal highs are not made illegal much sooner. The way to resolve the frequent use of such legal ‘drugs’ is to publicise the ill effect of using them, to investigate their make up and ban those containing dangerous or illegal ingredients. Education beginning early in life is another way to attempt to curg the use of such recreational drugs. I have left to last the ways to resolve the frequent use of controlled recreational drugs. My reason for this is because I do not think that there is a method which will be successful. Firstly, we made the drugs illegal so that no-one would use them. This did not work. We have had a no tolerance policy on drug offenders which also did not work. We have had extensive multi-media drug education programs made in an attempt to show people the ill effects of such drugs but this has not worked. Some employers have introduced compulsory drug testing in order to identify drug users to make the workplace a safer place. People are still caught regularly which again shows that this does not work. We spend literally ? billions around the world, destroying crops of illegal drugs, funding international drug enforcement initiatives and strengthening our borders but still, the demand is so high that such drugs still manage to make their way into our country. As I said above, I do not think we can prevent such drug use, however, the methods described above will hopefully at least control the use of illegal recreational drugs, if not eradicate it.